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clinical studies - cancer centers Cancer Centers Specific Clinical Trials Ideas - Experimental/New Therapies Page Go to Page Go to Page Conformal Radiotherapy Page Go to Page Personal Stories Proton Therapy Gamma Knife Therapy for Liver Metastasis Go to Page Most patients with late step sometime colon cancer or others will have liver metastases. There are several ways of dealing with these: Chemotherapy, Surgery, RF Ablation, and Cryotherapy. It would appear that RF ablation is overtaking Cryotherapy as the main "nonsurgical" method of liver met removal. Hepatic Arterial Infusion RF Ablation Stereotactic Radioablation Therapy for Extrahepatic Metastisis Therapy for Lung Metastisis also see Radiation Therapy 9/13/01 Pulmonary metastasectomy: might the type of resection affect survival? Mineo TC, Ambrogi V, Tonini G, Nofroni I. J Surg Oncol 2001 Jan; :47-52 CONCLUSIONS: The type of resection did not disclose statistically significant differences on survival. Minimal surgery, especially by laser device, is recommended for less morbidity. 7/7/01 Radiosurgery device shows promise in treating nonresectable lung cancers A radiosurgery instrument, known as the CyberKnife, may offer an additional treatment option for patients with nonresectable forms of lung cancer. Dr. Crownover said that "anyone who has non-small cell lung cancer or metastatic disease is potentially eligible for the study." However, "the tumor has to be less than 5 cm and the patient must not have had prior radiation to the area," he noted. In addition, "if the patient appears to be a surgical candidate then that is the route they usually go," he said. 8/30/01 Cryotherapy might be first-line treatment for early lung cancer Thursday, Aug 9 2001 Cryotherapy performed through a rigid bronchoscope is both safe and effective in the treatment of patients with early lung cancer, French researchers have found. Dr. Jean-Michel Vergnon, of Hopital Nord in Saint-Etienne, France, and a multicenter team tested the safety and long-term efficacy of cryotherapy in 35 patients with histologically confirmed early superficial bronchogenic carcinoma, seven of whom had lesions at multiple sites. A complete histologic response was noted in 32 patients (91%) at 1 month and in the same number at 1 year, with "no severe adverse effects," Dr. Vergnon's team reports in the July issue of Chest. In seven of these patients, local recurrence was observed within 4 years. Of 22 patients for whom followup data were available months, 11 were still alive.

colon polyps and cancer cancer of the colon is a major health problem in the United States. It ranks as a leading form of cancer, along with lung and breast cancer. importantly, colon cancer is also most curable forms of cancer. When detected early, more than 90 percent of patients can be cured. This disease begins in the cells that line the colon. There now is strong medical evidence that there are abnormal genes for colon polyps and cancer that can be passed from parent to child. The genes within each cell are the hereditary structures that tell the cell what it should do. When these controlling genes are absent there is a tendency to grow polyps. The cells in the polyp eventually become uncontrolled and turn into a cancer. colon cancer can with other one also expand itself conditions, such as ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammation in the colon.

colonoscopy . This procedure is the most sensitive checking for colon cancer , rektalen cancer and polyps . Colonoscopy is similar to flexible sigmoidoscopy, but the instrument used a colonoscope, which is a long, flexible and slender tube attached to a video camera and monitor allows your doctor to view your entire colon and rectum. If any polyps are found during the exam, your doctor may remove them immediately or take tissue samples (biopsies) for analysis. This is done through the colonoscope and is painless. If you have adenomatous polyps, especially those larger than 5 millimeters in diameter, you'll need careful screening in the future. You may receive a mild sedative to make you more comfortable. Preparation for the procedure involves drinking a large amount of fluid containing a laxative to clean out your colon enemas are no longer necessary. Major risks of diagnostic colonoscopy include hemorrhage and perforation of the colon wall, but these are rare.

large intestine, the lh vertical descent of the colon sigmoid colon, the s-shaped segment of colon above the pelvis These portions of the colon are recognized anatomically based on the arterial blood supply and venous and lymphatic drainage of these segments of the colon. Lymph, a protein-rich fluid that bathes the cells of the body, is transported in small channels known as lymphatics that run alongside the veins of the colon. Lymph nodes are small filters through which the lymph travels on its way back to the bloodstream. Cancer can spread elsewhere in the body by invading the lymph and vascular systems. Therefore, these anatomic considerations become very important in the processing of colon cancer . The small intestine is the continuation of the upper gastrointestinal tract that is responsible for carrying ingested nutrients into the body. The waste left after the small intestine has finished absorbing nutrients amounts to a few liters (about the same as quart) of material per day and is directly delivered to the colon (at the cecum) for processing. The colon is responsible for the preservation of fluid and electrolytes as it propels the increasingly solid waste toward the rectum and anus for excretion. When cells lining the colon become malignant, they first grow locally and may invade partially or totally through the wall of the bowel and even into adjacent structures and organs. In the process, the tumor can penetrate and invade the lymphatics or the capillaries locally and gain access to the circulation. As the malignant cells work their way to other areas of the body, they again become locally invasive in the new area to which they have spread. These tumor deposits, originating in the colon primary tumor, are then known as metastases. If metastases are found in the regional lymph nodes from the primary, they are known as regional metastases or regional nodal metastases. If they are distant from the primary tumor, they are known as distant metastases. The patient with distant metastases has systemic disease. Thus, the cancer originating in the colon begins locally and, given time, can become systemic.

red meat or fish ( contain non-human hemoglobin ) for 3 days as this can cause a false positive reading for blood. Discontinue drugs and substances that can interfere with the test such as: Vitamin C which can cause a false negative reading; Horse radish, fresh broccoli, turnips, cauliflower ( have vegatable peroxidase ) and colchicine which can give a false positive reading; Anticoagulants, Aspirin or arthritis medicine which can cause leakage of blood into the intestinal tract; Oxidizing drugs such as topical iodine, bromides, and boric acid, and reserpine need to be stopped about three days before the test as they can cause a false positive reading. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscopy can reach as high as the descending colon and can be done by a trained Primary Care Physician. Sigmoidoscopy has been proven to reduce the incidence and number of deaths of colon cancer by early recognition . Flexible sigmoidoscopy however, is not an adequate method of screening in the hereditary colon cancer as /3 of the lesions develop proximal to the splenic flexure. In these cases colonoscopy should be used. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy ( Flex Sig ) is done without sedation usually in the practitioner's office. Flexible sigmoidoscopy can detect about 65%75% of polyps and 40%65% of colorectal cancers. This test, for an investment of 3-5 minutes, can with little discomfort reduce the likelihood of 2 do not consume your expanding colon cancer and if colon cancer the gift is, which detects it at an early, highly curable stage. Colonoscopy remains the gold standard for visualization, biopsy and removal of colonic polyps. The removal of all polyps by colonoscopy has been demonstrated to reduce the the danger of colon cancer per cent . In 1994 over 2,000,000 colonoscopies were performed in the US and over 650,000 of these underwent polypectomy. Diagnostic colonoscopy should be done as mentioned above in the following situations

the meal of the foods, which are rich in the kalzium and folic acid can have added benefits for women. If you are pregnant, or think you may become pregnant, getting enough folic acid in your diet reduces the risk of certain birth defects, and calcium helps prevent osteoporosis. Limit alcohol consumption. Consuming moderate to heavy amounts of alcohol more than one drink a day for women may increase your danger of colon cancer . This is particularly true if you have a close relative, such as a parent, child or sibling, with the disease. A drink is a 4- to 5-ounce glass of wine, a 12-ounce can of beer, or a 1.5-ounce shot of 80-proof liquor. Curbing alcohol consumption can reduce your risk , even if colon cancer in it family runs . Stop smoking. Smoking can increase your risk of colorectal and other cancers. Talk to your doctor about ways to quit that may work for you. Stay physically active and maintain a healthy body weight. Controlling your weight alone can reduce your risk of colorectal cancer. And staying physically active may , cut their colon cancer danger to the half . Exercise stimulates movement through your bowel and reduces the time your colon is exposed to harmful substances (carcinogens) that may cause cancer. Try to get at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days. If you've been inactive, start slowly and build up gradually to 30 minutes. Also, talk to your doctor before starting any exercise program. Talk with your doctor about hormone replacement therapy. If you're a woman past menopause, hormone therapy (HT) may reduce your risk of colorectal cancer. Women who use hormone therapy have a somewhat lower risk of colorectal cancer than women who don't use HT. But, women on hormone therapy who develop colorectal cancer may have a faster growing form of the disease. Also, taking HT as a combination therapy estrogen plus progestin can result in serious side effects and health risks. Work with your doctor to discuss the options and decide what's best for you.